In this lesson, we will be learning the remaining 3rd declension nouns as well as 6th declension nouns. For verbs, we will learn the present active indicative for BV verbs. Finally, we will be learning 3rd declension adjectives.
3RD DECLENSION NOUNS
The remaining 3rd declension nouns that we will be learning are 3c (stem ends in an -n) and 3d (stem ends in an -r). The basic endings are the same as the ones we learned for 3a and 3b nouns in Lesson 5.
3c Declension
For 3c declensions, we will be using cu, cunos (dog, hound).
| cū | nom. sing. | cunes | nom. pl. | |
| cū | voc. sing. | cunes | voc. pl. | |
| cunen | acc. sing. | cunās | acc. pl. | |
| cunos | gen. sing. | cunon | gen. pl. | |
| cunē | dat. sing. | cunobo(s) | dat. pl. | |
| cuni | inst. sing. | cunibi(s) | inst. pl. | |
| cuni | loc. sing. | cunibi(s) | loc. pl. |
For the neuter 3c declensions, we will be using anuan, anuēs (name).
| anuan | nom. sing. | anuanā | nom. pl. | |
| anuan | voc. sing. | anuanā | voc. pl. | |
| anuan | acc. sing. | anuanā | acc. pl. | |
| anuēs | gen. sing. | anuanon | gen. pl. | |
| anuanē | dat. sing. | anuambo(s) | dat. pl. | |
| anuani | inst. sing. | anuambi(s) | inst. pl. | |
| anuani | loc. sing. | anuambi(s) | loc. pl. |
Notice in the above paradigm for the neuter, the stem changes from anuan- to anuam- for the dat., inst., and loc. plural forms.
3d Declensions
For 3d declensions, we will be using atīr, atros (father).
| atīr | nom. sing. | ateres | nom. pl. | |
| atīr | voc. sing. | ateres | voc. pl. | |
| ateren | acc. sing. | aterās | acc. pl. | |
| atros | gen. sing. | atron | gen. pl. | |
| atrē | dat. sing. | atrebo(s) | dat. pl. | |
| atri | inst. sing. | atrebi(s) | inst. pl. | |
| atri | loc. sing. | atrebi(s) | loc. pl. |
Notice that in the above paradigm, the stem fluctuates between ater- and atr-.
6TH DECLENSION NOUNS
The 6th declension nouns consist of neuter nouns that end in an -s. For 6th declension nouns, we will be using tegos, tegios (house).
| tegos | nom. sing. | tegiā | nom. pl. | |
| tegos | voc. sing. | tegiā | voc. pl. | |
| tegos | acc. sing. | tegiā | acc. pl. | |
| tegios | gen. sing. | tegion | gen. pl. | |
| teges | dat. sing. | tegiobo(s) | dat. pl. | |
| teges | inst. sing. | tegiobi(s) | inst. pl. | |
| teges | loc. sing. | tegiobi(s) | loc. pl. |
3RD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES
For the paradigm below, we will be using the adjective exops (blind).
Masculine and Feminine Forms
| exops | nom. sing. | exopes | nom. pl. | |
| exop(s) | voc. sing. | exopes | voc. pl. | |
| exopen | acc. sing. | exopās | acc. pl. | |
| exopos | gen. sing. | exopon | gen. pl. | |
| exopē | dat. sing. | exopobo(s) | dat. pl. | |
| exopī | inst. sing. | exopobi(s) | inst. pl. | |
| exopī | loc. sing. | exopobi(s) | loc. pl. |
The neuter forms for nom., voc., and acc. sing. are exop(s), while the nom., voc., and acc. pl. are exopā. The remaining neuter cases are the same as in the above paradigm.
Notice that 3rd declension adjectives have the same endings as 3rd declension nouns. Also, remember that (S) means an -s is used if the next word begins with a vowel, but the -s is left off if the next word begins with a consonant.
BV VERBS
In the paradigm below, we will be using the verb linut (to flow) for the BV present active indicative.
| linumi | I flow |
| linui | you flow |
| linut | he/she/it flows |
| linumos | we flow |
| linute | you (all) flow |
| linunt | they flow |
Whereas BIV verbs had -NA- suffixed to the root, notice that BV verbs have -NU- suffixed to the root.
APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
You have now learned all of the noun and adjective declensions, and the present active indicative for all the verb classes. You have also learned some basic prepositions as well as the enclitic pronoun particles which can be added to verbs for emphasis.
Now, it is time to put the past six lessons to practical use, or rather religious use.
Compose a hymn to any Dēuos or Dēua that you wish. Make it as simple (using phrases) or as complex (using complete sentence structures) as you want. Make it in the form of poetry or prose, whichever one you want. The focus is on writing it in Gaulish correctly. Take your time with it. If you have any questions or issues, you can e-mail me and I will be more than happy to help out.
Gaulish Paganism 